Pamukkale - The Cotton Castle A surreal, snow-white landscape created by calcium-rich thermal springs. As the mineral water cascades down the mountain, it cools and deposits calcium carbonate, freezing into brilliant white step-like pools and frozen waterfalls. The turquoise pools maintain a natural, comforting temperature of around 35°C to 36°C year-round. Since antiquity, visitors have sought out these waters for their supposed healing properties for skin, cardiovascular, and rheumatic ailments. Because the natural beauty of the white cliffs is structurally tied to the ruins of the ancient city, the entire complex was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site to preserve both its delicate geological formations and its immense archaeological value. Built directly above the thermal springs in the 2nd century BC, Hierapolis flourished as a major Roman and Byzantine spa resort.